RE-INFECTION

RE-INFECTION

Personal Conclusion: All research seems to indicate that natural infection results in a more robust and longer lasting immunity than any vaccine. The contrary studies count antibodies in a lab. Real life data trumps any lab work. In other words, the number of re-infection cases can be counted and the risks determined much more accurately than lab studies. The human body does more than create antibodies when infected. Several lines of defense are put into place to protect against not only the same virus, but similar ones. The recent push to vaccinate those who've been infected doesn't seem science based. There is a risk with vaccination. The risk of reinfection causing serious illness or death is miniscule. In Israel, 1/10,000 were re-infected. Re-infection cases tend to be more mild. It's not unreasonable to estimate a .1% death rate. That results in a 1/10 Million chance of death.

NATURAL IMMUNITY LASTS DECADES LONG

Researchers find long-lived immunity to 1918 pandemic virus | CIDRAP Aug 19,2008 " people who survived the 1918 influenza pandemic reveals that antibodies to the strain have lasted a lifetime" "The group found that 100% of the subjects had serum-neutralizing activity against the 1918 virus and 94% showed serologic reactivity to the 1918 hemagglutinin." Anthony Fauci, MD, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said recent studies have projected that immunity lasts several decades; the current study provides proof, the AP reported. "This is the mother of all immunological memory here," he told the AP.
How Long Does Flu Immunity Last? - TIME Tuesday, Aug. 26, 2008 Q: How long do flu antibodies last? A: According to our study, it appears they can last the entire lifespan of the human organism — 90 years plus.
The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination | Nature Reviews Immunology March 5, 2019 "In conclusion, the antibody response to natural influenza virus infection seems to be broader and longer-lived than the antibody response induced by influenza virus vaccines."
Covid immunity: Can you catch it twice? - BBC News T cells against the original Sars (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) have been found 17 years later. Jan 14,2021

EARLY STUDIES OF COVID

Opinion/Observation: These studies seem to be using PCR testing, not symptoms. In other words, the original infection could easily not be an infection, just a positive PCR test. Prior to Covid, no organization would have indicated that someone had influenza twice when they had no symptoms the first time.

More people are getting COVID-19 twice, suggesting immunity wanes quickly in some | Science | AAAS Nov 8, 2020
Just how likely are you to catch the coronavirus twice? Here's what new research reveals. Mar 2, 2021 ""That's a tenfold decrease, which is essentially a 90% reduction in risk for people who are antibody positive." people with asymptomatic cases of Covid-19 during their first infections "do not produce a sufficiently robust immune response to prevent infection" again.
Only 50 people are known to have contracted COVID-19 more than once — but new strains have medical experts on high alert - MarketWatch Feb 25, 2021 There are about 60 confirmed cases of reinfection globally. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines reinfection as a positive COVID-19 test that occurs at least 90 days after an initial positive test.

Pre-Delta prominence study

Correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection - The Lancet April 9, 2021 "The findings of the authors suggest that infection and the development of an antibody response provides protection similar to or even better than currently used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines."

LASTING COVID IMMUNITY

Horowitz: 15 studies that indicate natural immunity from prior infection is more robust than the COVID vaccines - TheBlaze " August 25, 2021 Among the most fraudulent messages of the CDC's campaign of deceit is to force the vaccine on those with prior infection, who have a greater degree of protection against all versions of the virus than those with any of the vaccines."
‘Bombshell’ study finds natural immunity superior to vaccination - The Post August 26, 2021 Likelihood of symptomatic infection among double vaccinated (Pfizer) versus previous infection 27.02 times
Good news: Mild COVID-19 induces lasting antibody protection – Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis May 24, 2021 "People who have had mild illness develop antibody-producing cells that can last a lifetime"
Six months of COVID vaccines: what 1.7 billion doses have taught scientists June 4, 2021 Suthar says that he and his collaborators have found that antibody levels declined faster in those who were vaccinated with the Moderna vaccine than in those who had been infected by SARS-CoV-2.
Lasting immunity found after recovery from COVID-19 | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 95% of the people had at least 3 out of 5 immune-system components that could recognize SARS-CoV-2 up to 8 months after infection. Jan 26,2021
COVID Infection Antibodies Could Last Years. | The Truth is Where? " June 6,2021 “Last fall, there were reports that antibodies waned quickly after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19, and mainstream media interpreted that to mean that immunity was not long-lived. But that’s a misinterpretation of the data. It’s normal for antibody levels to go down after acute infection, but they don’t go down to zero; they plateau." "Here, we found antibody-producing cells in people 11 months after first symptoms. These cells will live and produce antibodies for the rest of people’s lives."
Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study - The Lancet " Mar 17,2021 These data suggest that reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is rare and occurs in less than 1% of individuals who previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2." "The closely related viruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV induced immunity that typically lasted 2–3 years after infection"
Suspected Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Residents of a Skilled Nursing Facility During a Second COVID-19 Outbreak — Kentucky, July–November 2020 | MMWR (Out of 12 patients, 2 were symptomatic both times) Feb 16,2021
What We’ve Learned About COVID-19 Reinfections A study of more than 20,000 healthcare workers in the United Kingdom found that of the more than 6,600 people who had a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, only 44 contracted it again — less than 1 percent. Feb 4,2021
Horowitz: The biggest COVID lie right now: No immunity from prior infection - TheBlaze March 5,2021 the inherent immune system full of B cells (in addition to T cells) provides robust immunity not just long after the antibody titers wane from the original infection, but also against emerging strains of the virus.
Reinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Patients Undergoing Serial Laboratory Testin April 25, 2021 Reinfection was identified in 0.7% (n = 63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .5%–.9%) during follow-up of 9119 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Observation: Initial test didn't seem to require symptoms which means the reinfection rate is lower.
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection 1 Year After Primary Infection in a Population in Lombardy, Italy - Infectious Diseases May 28, 2021 5 reinfections were confirmed in the cohort of 1579 positive patients Observation: Initial test didn't seem to require symptoms which means the reinfection rate is lower. In any event, 4% of the previously uninfected group were infected, a 12 times higher rate.
Pre-existing immunity to Covid-19 - Marc Girardot of PANDA unpacks its evolution - BizNews.com August 16, 2021 80-98% of the world population likely has a significant degree of pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2,
Rand Paul says people with natural COVID immunity should skip vaccine May 27, 2021 Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology, concludes from his experiments that, “The amount of (immune) memory (gained from natural infection) would likely prevent the vast majority of people from getting hospitalized disease, severe disease, for many years.”
Covid-19 natural immunity compared to vaccine-induced immunity- The definitive summary - Sharyl Attkisson September 12, 2021 Summary
Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells July 20, 2021 Scientific Study "Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require long-lived immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we evaluate 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally up to 8 months and find durable broad-based immune responses."
91 Scientific Studies prove Naturally Acquired Immunity provides better protection than the Covid-19 Vaccines – The Expose October 23, 2021

DELTA

Delta Variant: Natural Immunity 700% Greater Protection Than Shot, Data from Israeli Govt. Shows - NewsRescue.com July 15,2021 “With a total of 835,792 Israelis known to have recovered from the virus, the 72 instances of reinfection amount to 0.0086% of people who were already infected with COVID. “By contrast, Israelis who were vaccinated were 6.72 times more likely to get infected after the shot than after natural infection"

News focuses on CDC statement of two times advantage of vaccinating the already infected.

COVID-19- Unvaccinated Are More Than Twice As Likely To Get Virus A Second Time, CDC Says - Bridgeport Daily Voice Opinion/Observation This has been a big focus of Mainstream Media. If Israel's data is correct, it's 1/10,000. Even if reinfeciton is 1/500 with mild symptoms, that makes the vaccinated, reinfected 1/1,000, both rare. The real issue is that those infected have a longer lasting better immunity than those who are vaccinated, in Israel, 700% more.
COVID Antibodies From Vaccination Are Almost 3 Times Higher Than From Infection - Health News - US News July 15, 2021 "What's more, while 99.4% of vaccinated people tested positive for COVID-fighting antibodies in blood samples just six days after their second dose of vaccine, the number of these "seropositive" people fell to just under 76% for people recovering from a COVID-19 infection." From the report: ""Vaccinated individuals had the highest antibody levels, nearly three times higher than that of convalescent individuals recovering from symptomatic COVID-19," an Israeli team reported." Opinion: This didn't seem right so I researched convalescing patients and found that it takes 2-3 weeks for many people to START producing antibodies after being infected. Clearly real world data in Israel conflicts with this lab study.

Reinfection Data

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of 43,000 antibody-positive individuals followed for up to 35 weeks - medRxiv January 15, 2021 Among 43,044 anti-SARS-CoV-2 positive persons, the risk of reinfection was estimated at 0.10% The incidence rate of reinfection was estimated at 0.66 per 10,000 person-weeks Incidence rate of reinfection versus month of follow-up did not show any evidence of waning of immunity for over seven months of follow-up. Meanwhile, in the complement cohort of 149,923 antibody-negative persons, risk of infection was estimated at 2.15% and incidence rate of infection was estimated at 13.69 per 10,000 person-weeks. Efficacy of natural infection against reinfection was estimated at 95.2% Reinfections were less severe than primary infections. Only one reinfection was severe, two were moderate, and none were critical or fatal.
Harvard Epidemiologist Says the Case for COVID Vaccine Passports Was Just Demolished - Foundation for Economic Education August 30, 2021 "vaccinated individuals were 27 times more likely to get a symptomatic COVID infection than those with natural immunity from COVID."
Necessity of COVID-19 vaccination in previously infected individuals - medRxiv June 1, 2021 Not one of the 1359 previously infected subjects who remained unvaccinated had a SARS-CoV-2 infection over the duration of the study.
Associations of Vaccination and of Prior Infection With Positive PCR Test Results for SARS-CoV-2 in Airline Passengers Arrivi
June 9, 2021 Of 31 190 completely vaccinated individuals and 215 901 individuals with no record of vaccination or prior infection, 10 092 could be matched, among whom PCR positivity was 0.82%. Of 9180 individuals with no record of vaccination but with a record of prior infection at least 90 days before the PCR test (group 3), 7694 could be matched to individuals with no record of vaccination or prior infection, among whom PCR positivity was 1.01%

Israel Study

‘Natural infection gives same immunity as inoculation’ MAy 19, 2021 "Natural covid-19 infection provides “strong" protection against reinfection for up to eight months, just as a vaccine protects against infection, the World Health Organization (WHO) said in its latest scientific guidance."
Natural immunity from COVID infection is stronger than vaccine immunity, massive study in Israel finds August 27, 2021 "Compared to previously infected individuals, those who acquired immunity by vaccination had a nearly 13-fold increased risk for a breakthrough infection, a 27-fold increased risk for symptomatic disease"
Kim Iversen- BOMBSHELL Report Suggests Natural Immunity Triggers Better Response Against COVID - YouTube August 30, 2021 Video 8 Minutes
Natural Immunity Is 13x Stronger Than Pfizer COVID Shots

The case against Natural Immunity

36% Of Those Who Had Covid-19 Didn’t Develop Antibodies, Study Says
More people are getting COVID-19 twice, suggesting immunity wanes quickly in some - Science - AAAS
Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19–Like Illness with Infection-Induced or mRNA Vaccine-Ind October 29, 2021 "the adjusted odds of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among unvaccinated adults with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were 5.49-fold higher than the odds among fully vaccinated recipients." Table Notes: First and most importantly, this number (5.49) was for the original strain part of the study. With Delta the benefit of vaccination was 1.7 times. Why would the summary which then was quoted across the internet use irrelevant data? There were only 19 total cases of reinfection in this study with Delta.
Predictors of Nonseroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Emerging Infectious Disease September 9, 2021 72 subjects 36% of our cohort represented serologic nonresponders. a multicenter study from Israel reported that 5% of participants remained seronegative despite a positive test result on a nasal swab specimen (6). In contrast, a seroprevalence study from New York found that 20% of persons with a positive RT-PCR test result did not seroconvert (8). Another study from Germany reported that 85% of confirmed infected COVID-19 contacts failed to develop antibodies. Does the wide range of results make one wonder about the validity of the data?

The Case to Vaccinate those with prior infection

Reduced Risk of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Vaccination — Kentucky, May–June 2021 - MMWR

Not yet categorized

New Studies Find Evidence Of 'Superhuman' Immunity To COVID-19 In Some Individuals - NewsBreak

The US is nearing immunity from COVID-19

Past COVID-19 infection provides some immunity but people may still carry and transmit virus - GOV.UK

CDC Finally, Quietly, Begrudgingly Releases Natural Immunity Numbers and Now We Know Why They Waited

Sweden avoided hard pandemic lockdowns. Where do they stand now- - KOMO

A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers - PubMed

Neurologist explains why unvaccinated previously infected people are less likely to spread COVID than never-infected vaccinat

How long does natural immunity keep you safe from COVID- - Deseret News